Содержание

Future in the Past (was going to, was to have done)

Perfect Modals (should have done, could have been, might have lost)

Inversion (Not only…, Hardly had I…, Under no circumstances…)

Fronting & Emphasis (Rarely do we see…, Such was his anger that…)

Cleft Sentences (It was John who…, What I need is…)

Nominalisation (decide → decision, happy → happiness, grow → growth)

Advanced Passives (have sth done, get sth done, be rumoured to, be said to)

Complex Noun Phrases (a two-hour delay, a heart-breakingly beautiful sunset)

Participle Clauses: All Types (Having been told…, Being French…, Written in 1984…)

Reduced Relative Clauses (Anyone wanting to leave…, The book published last year…)

Ellipsis: Advanced (I can swim and she can too. / He said he would, but didn't.)

Substitution: do so, one/ones, such, so, neither

Advanced Conditionals (If it weren't for…, Had it not been for…, Supposing…)

Unreal Time (It's time you learned…, I'd rather you didn't…, I wish you were…)

Mixed Conditionals: Full Course (If I had studied, I would be a doctor now)

Hypothetical Wish (I wish I hadn't said that…, If only she were here…)

Verbs of Perception + Object + -ing/bare inf (see sb doing/do, hear sb doing/do)

Complex Prepositions (in light of, with regard to, by virtue of, in spite of)

Discourse Markers (as regards, insofar as, with respect to, albeit)

Parallelism & Balance (Not only… but also…, Either… or…, Both… and…)

Parenthesis & Apposition (My brother, a doctor, lives in London)

Punctuation in Complex Sentences (colons, semicolons, dashes)

Academic Vocabulary (hypothesis, empirical, paradigm, methodology)

Collocations: academic (conduct research, draw a conclusion, reach a consensus)

Work & Business (stakeholder, ROI, merger, downsize, leverage)

Medical English (diagnosis, prognosis, chronic, palliative)

Legal English (breach of contract, liable, precedent, litigation)

Political Vocabulary (sovereignty, referendum, coalition, filibuster)

Media & Journalism (spin, scoop, op-ed, editorial, soundbite)

Psychology & Emotions (cognitive dissonance, empathy, resilience, burnout)

Science & Technology (quantum, algorithm, biotech, neural network)

Environment & Sustainability (carbon footprint, biodiversity, deforestation, greenwashing)

Literature & Criticism (metaphor, allegory, dystopia, foreshadowing)

Art & Architecture (avant-garde, baroque, perspective, medium)

Philosophy (epistemology, existentialism, utilitarianism, dialectic)

Idioms: Advanced & Literary (a Pyrrhic victory, hoist with his own petard)

Phrasal Verbs: Rare & Nuanced (fob off, palm off, drum up, eke out)

Binomials & Trinomials (safe and sound, cool, calm and collected)

Oxymorons & Paradoxes (deafening silence, bittersweet)

Euphemisms & Dysphemisms (passed away vs kicked the bucket)

Slang & Informal (lit, sus, ghosting, flex, no cap)

British vs American vs Global English (flat/apartment, colour/color)

False Friends: Advanced (sensible vs sensitive, eventually vs actually)

Debating & Argumentation (structure, linking, evidence, countering)

Diplomatic Language (I'm afraid..., With all due respect...)

Business Correspondence (Yours faithfully, Regards, Enclosed please find…)

Rhetorical Devices (anaphora, chiasmus, antithesis, zeugma)